How much energy can be stored?
A typical TES facility can store between 50 and 500 GWh of thermal energy, depending on site-specific requirements and geological conditions.
What is the expected project timeline?
The development of a TES facility typically includes:
- 12–18 months for permitting and approvals
- 36–48 months for construction
The exact timeline depends on local regulations, geological conditions, and project-specific requirements.
What is the expected return on investment?
Historical business case analyses indicated a payback period of approximately 11–12 years under the energy market conditions and energy prices available at the time of evaluation. Actual project economics will depend on local energy prices, regulatory conditions, and system utilization.
Can TES be used to generate electricity?
TES is primarily designed for thermal energy storage rather than electricity generation. Its main purpose is to replace or reduce the need for energy production by storing heat when it is available and delivering it when it is needed.
How much of the stored energy is held in water versus rock?
The storage concept is designed so that approximately 20% of the thermal energy is stored in water and approximately 80% in the surrounding rock mass. This combination enables large storage volumes and long-term energy retention.
How can the stored heat be recovered efficiently?
Heat is recovered through a carefully designed system of boreholes and water circulation. Extensive thermal modelling and engineering studies have demonstrated that the stored energy can be extracted at the required temperature and capacity levels.
Are there similar solutions on the market?
There are other thermal energy storage technologies worldwide, including borehole storage systems and underground thermal storage facilities. However, large-scale underground seasonal storage integrated with district heating infrastructure remains relatively uncommon and represents a significant opportunity for future energy systems.
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